Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Newark New Jersey shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Newark New Jersey offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Newark New Jersey at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Newark New Jersey? Wrong! If the Newark New Jersey is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Newark New Jersey then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Newark New Jersey? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Newark New Jersey and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Newark New Jersey wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Newark New Jersey then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Newark New Jersey site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Newark New Jersey, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Newark New Jersey, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

For other places with the same name, see Newark. {{Infobox Settlement|official_name = City of Newark|settlement_type = City|motto =|image_skyline = Newark Skyline.jpg|imagesize = 250px|image_caption =|image_flag = NewarkNJ flag.jpg|image_seal = Newark.jpg|image_map = Newark_nj_013.png|mapsize = 250x200px|map_caption = Map of Newark in Essex County|image_map1 =|mapsize1 =|map_caption1 =|subdivision_type = [List of countries|subdivision_name = United States|subdivision_name1 = [New Jersey|subdivision_name2 = [Essex County, New Jersey|government_type =|leader_title = Mayor|leader_name = Cory Booker, term of office 2006–2010]s|postal_code = 07100-07199|area_code = Area code 862, Area code 973|latd = 40 |latm = 44 |lats = 7 |latNS = N|longd = 74 |longm = 11 |longs = 6 |longEW = W|elevation_m = 9|elevation_ft = 30|website = http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/|blank_name = Federal Information Processing Standard|blank_info = 34-51000|blank1_name = Geographic Names Information System feature ID|blank1_info = 0878762|footnotes =-->Newark is the largest City (New Jersey) in New Jersey, United States, and the county seat of urban Essex County, New Jersey. As of the United States Census, 2000, the city had a total population of 273,546, making it List of Municipalities in New Jersey (by population) and the 65th List of United States cities by population According to the US Census Bureau, the city's 2006 population estimate is 281,402, an increase of 2.9% from 2000.

It is located approximately five miles (8.04 km) west of Manhattan and two miles north of Staten Island. Its location near the Atlantic Ocean on Newark Bay has helped make its port facility, Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, the major container shipping port for New York Harbor. Together with Elizabeth, New Jersey, it is the home of Newark Liberty International Airport, which was the first major airport to serve the New York metropolitan area.

Newark was originally formed as a township (New Jersey) on October 31, 1693, based on the Newark Tract, which was first purchased on July 11, 1667. Newark was granted a Royal Charter on April 27, 1713, and was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798. During its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey (April 14, 1794), Caldwell Township (February 16, 1798, now known as Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey), Orange, New Jersey (November 27, 1806), Bloomfield, New Jersey (March 23, 1812) and Clinton Township, Essex County, New Jersey (Historical) (April 14, 1834, remainder reabsorbed by Newark on March 5, 1902). Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11, 1836, replacing Newark Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 18, 1836. The previously independent Vailsburg, Newark was annexed by Newark on January 1, 1905."The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968", John P. Snyder, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 130. Newark is divided into five wards; North Ward, South Ward, West Ward, East Ward, and Central Ward.

History .Newark was founded in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat, making it the third-oldest major city in the United States, after Boston, Massachusetts and New York City, though it is not the third-oldest settlement. Newark is the city's second name; previously, it was called Milford, named for Milford, Connecticut, from which many settlers had migrated. "History of Newark", A Walk Through Newark, WNET, accessed January 13, 2006. The name comes from Newark-on-Trent, a town in England whence some of the original settlers hailed.

Colonial era Newark was a relatively large town in the colonial era, known for its good beer, ciders, and tanned leather goods. In religion, it stayed loyal to old Puritan ways longer than the communities of New England, and was very receptive to the Great Awakening. When the seminaries at Yale University and Harvard University showed disdain for Great Awakening evangelicalism, several Newark ministers led by Aaron Burr (reverend) (father of Vice President Aaron Burr) founded the Princeton University in neighboring Elizabeth, New Jersey.

Industrial era to World War II Newark's rapid growth began in the early 1800s, much of it due to a Massachusetts transplant named Seth Boyden. Boyden came to Newark in 1815, and immediately began a torrent of improvements to leather manufacture, culminating in the process for making patent leather. Boyden's genius would eventually allow Newark to manufacture almost 90% of the nation's leather by 1870, bringing in $8.6 million to the city in that year alone. In 1824, Boyden, bored with leather, found a way to produce malleable iron. Newark also prospered by the construction of the Morris Canal in 1831. The canal connected Newark with the New Jersey hinterland, at that time a major iron and farm area. Railroads also arrived in 1834 and 1835. A flourishing shipping business resulted, and Newark became the area's industrial center. By 1826, Newark's population stood at 8,017, ten times the 1776 number., Chapters 11 and 18.

The middle 19th century saw continued growth and diversification of Newark's industrial base. The first commercially successful plastic — Celluloid — was produced in a factory on Mechanic Street by John Wesley Hyatt. Hyatt's Celluloid found its way into Newark-made carriages, billiards, and dentures. Edward Weston perfected in Newark a process for zinc electroplating, as well as a superior arc lamp. Newark's Military Park had the first public electric lamps anywhere in the United States. Before moving to Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison himself made Newark home in the early 1870s. He invented the ticker tape in the Brick City., p.181. In the late 19th century, its industry was further developed, especially through the efforts of such men as Seth Boyden and J. W. Hyatt. Irish people and Germans migrants moved to the city; the Germans established their own newspapers, which other ethnic groups have emulated. However, tensions existed between the "native stock" and the newer groups.

In the middle 19th century, Newark added insurance to its repertoire of businesses; Mutual Benefit Insurance was founded in the city in 1845 and Prudential Insurance in 1873. Prudential, or "the Pru" as generations of Newarkers knew it, was founded by another transplanted New Englander, John Fairfield Dryden, who found a niche catering to the middle and lower classes. Today, Newark sells more insurance than any city except Hartford, Connecticut., p.186.

In 1880, Newark's population stood at 136,508; in 1890 at 181,830; in 1900 at 246,070; and in 1910 at 347,000, a jump of 200,000 in three decades., p.201. As Newark's population approached a half million in the 1920s, the city's potential seemed limitless. It was said in 1927: "Great is Newark's vitality. It is the red blood in its veins – this basic strength that is going to carry it over whatever hurdles it may encounter, enable it to recover from whatever losses it may suffer and battle its way to still higher achievement industrially and financially, making it eventually perhaps the greatest industrial center in the world"., p.275.Newark was bustling in the early to mid-20th century. Market and Broad Streets served as a center of retail commerce for the region anchored by four flourishing department stores like Hahne & Company, Louis Bamberger, L.S. Plaut and Company, and Kresge's. "Broad Street today is the Mecca of visitors as it has been through all its long history," Newark merchants boasted, "they come in hundreds of thousands now when once they came in hundreds.", p.195

In 1922, Newark had 63 live theaters, 46 movie theaters, and an active nightlife. Dutch Schultz was killed in 1935 at the local Palace Bar. Billie Holiday frequently stayed at the Coleman Hotel. By some measures, the intersection of Market and Broad Streets — known as the "Four Corners" — was the busiest intersection in the United States, in terms of cars using it. In 1915, Public Service counted over 280,000 pedestrian crossings in one thirteen-hour period. Eleven years later, on October 26, 1926, a State Motor Vehicle Department check at the Four Corners counted 2,644 trolleys, 4,098 buses, 2657 taxis, 3474 commercial vehicles, and 23,571 automobiles. Traffic in Newark was so heavy that the city converted the old bed of the Morris Canal into the Newark City Subway, making Newark one of the few cities in the country to have an underground system. New skyscrapers were being built every year, the two tallest being the 40-story Art Deco National Newark Building and the Lefcourt-Newark Building. In 1948, just after World War II, Newark hit its peak population of just under 450,000. The population also grew as immigrants from South and Eastern Europe settled here. Newark witnessed distinctive neighborhoods including a large Jewish community concentrated along Prince Street.

According to legend, the Texas-born artist Robert Rauschenberg accidentally left his bus in Newark and spent a week there before he realized it wasn't New York City. Insider Cityscape: Newark? Yes, Newark - Across the river from Manhattan, one of the country's most maligned cities is beating the rap, Travel + Leisure, April 2002

Post-World War II era Problems existed underneath the industrial hum. In 1930, a city commissioner had told a local booster club, the Optimists:

, p.277.-->

While many New Jerseyans attributed Newark's demise to post-World War II phenomena—the 1967 Newark riots; the construction of the New Jersey Turnpike, Interstate 280 (New Jersey) and Interstate 78; decentralization of manufacturing; the G.I. Bill; and the general pro-suburban fiscal order, others point to the decline in the city budget, which fell from $58 million in 1938 to only $45 million in 1944, despite the wartime boom and an increase in the tax rate from $4.61 to $5.30.

Some attribute Newark's downfall to its propensity for building large housing projects. However, Newark's housing was always a matter of concern. The 1944 city-commissioned study showed that 31% of all Newark dwelling units were below standards of health, and only 17% of Newark's units were owner-occupied. Vast sections of Newark consisted of wooden tenements, and at least 5,000 units failed to meet any thresholds of being a decent place to live. Bad housing predated government intervention in the housing market., Chapter 27.

One theory postulated by Kenneth T. Jackson and others is that Newark, having a situation where a poor center was surrounded by middle-class outlying areas, only did well when it was able to annex middle-class suburbs. When municipal annexation broke down, urban problems developed since the middle-class edge was now divorced from the poor center. In 1900, Newark's mayor had confidently thought out loud, "East Orange, New Jersey, Vailsburg, Newark, New Jersey, Harrison, New Jersey, Kearny, New Jersey, and Belleville, New Jersey would be desirable acquisitions. By an exercise of discretion we can enlarge the city from decade to decade without unnecessarily taxing the property within our limits, which has already paid the cost of public improvements." Only Vailsburg would ever be added., p.277.

Although numerous problems predated World War II, Newark was hamstrung by a number of trends in the post-WWII era. The Federal Housing Administration redlining virtually all of Newark, preferring to back up mortgages in the white suburbs. Manufacturers set up in lower wage environments and could receive larger tax deductions for building an entirely new factory in outlying areas than for rehabilitating an old factory in a city. Billed as transportation improvements, Interstate 280 (New Jersey), the New Jersey Turnpike, and Interstate 78 harmed Newark as well. They directly hurt the city by tearing the fabric of the neighborhoods they went though, and indirectly hurt the city because the new infrastructure allowed middle-class workers to live in the suburbs and commute into the city.

Despite its problems, Newark did try to remain vital in the postwar era. Prudential Financial and Mutual Benefit were successfully enticed to stay and build new offices. Rutgers University and Seton Hall University expanded their Newark presences, with the former building a brand-new campus on a 23 acre (9 hectare) urban renewal site. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey made Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal the first container port in the nation and turned swamps in the south of the city into Newark Liberty International Airport, now the thirteenth busiest airport in the United States.

Even though it was not the sole cause of Newark's tragedy, the city made some serious mistakes with public housing and urban renewal. Across several administrations, the city leaders of Newark saw the federal government's offer to pay for 100% of the costs of housing projects as a blessing. While other cities were skeptical about putting so many poor and socially dysfunctional individuals together and thus were cautious in building housing projects, Newark avidly pursued federal dollars. Eventually, Newark would have a higher percentage of its residents in public housing than any other American city.

The largely Italian American Seventh Avenue, Newark, New Jersey was one of the hardest hit by urban renewal. A 46-acre (19 hectare) housing tract, labeled a slum because it was so dense, was torn down for multi-story Le Corbusier-style high rises, to be known as the Christopher Columbus Homes. The tract had contained 8th Avenue, the commercial heart of the neighborhood. Fifteen small-scale blocks were reduced to three "superblocks." The Columbus Homes, never in harmony with the rest of the neighborhood, were abandoned in the 1970s, and were eventually torn down in 1994.

From 1950 to 1960, while Newark saw its overall population drop from 438,000 to 408,000, it gained 65,000 non-whites. By 1966, Newark had a black majority, a faster turnover than most other northern cities had experienced. Evaluating the 1967 Newark riots, Newark educator Nathan Wright, Jr. said, "No typical American city has as yet experienced such a precipitous change from a white to a black majority." The misfortune of the Great Migration (African American) and Puerto Rican migration was that Southern blacks and Puerto Ricans were moving to Newark to be industrial workers just as the industrial jobs were drying up. Newark blacks left poverty in the South to find poverty in the North.

During the 1950s alone, Newark's white population decreased from 363,000 to 266,000. From 1960 to 1967, its white population fell a further 46,000. Though white flight changed the racial composition of Newark residents, it did not change the racial composition of political and economic power in the city. In 1967, out of a police force of 1,400, only 150 members were black, mostly in subordinate positions. Since Newark's blacks lived in neighborhoods that had been white only two decades earlier, nearly all of their apartments and stores were white-owned as well. Hugh Joseph Addonizio offered, without consulting any residents of the neighborhood to be affected, to condemn and raze for the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) 150 acres (61 hectares) of a densely populated black neighborhood in the central ward. UMDNJ had wanted to settle in suburban Madison, New Jersey.

1967 Newark riots On July 12, 1967, a black taxi driver named John Smith (Newark) was beaten by police after it was alleged that he violently resisted arrest after driving around a double parked police car. A crowd gathered outside the police station where he was detained. Due to miscommunication, the crowd believed Smith had died in custody while in reality he had been transported to a hospital via a back entrance to the station. This sparked scuffles between blacks and police in the Fourth Ward, although the damage toll was only $2,500. Subsequent to television news broadcasts on July 13 however, new and larger race riot took place. Twenty-six people were killed, 1,500 wounded, 1,600 arrested, and $10 million in property was destroyed. More than a thousand businesses were arson or looted, including 167 groceries (most of which would never reopen). Newark's reputation suffered dramatically. It was said, "wherever American cities are going, Newark will get there first.", p.330.

After the riots Newark saw a continued decline in the 1970s and 1980s. Whites continued to move out of the city. Middle class blacks followed suit, and certain pockets of the city developed as domains of poverty and social isolation. Whenever the media of New York needed to find some example of urban despair, they traveled to Newark.

In American Pastoral, a novel by Newark-born author Philip Roth, the protagonist Swede Levov says:

In January 1975, an article in Harper's Magazine ranked the fifty largest American cities in twenty-four categories, ranging from park space to crime. Newark was one of the five worst in nineteen out of twenty-four categories, and the very worst in nine. According to the article, only 70% of Newarkers owned a telephone. The city ranked second worst, St. Louis, Missouri, was much farther from Newark than the cities in the top five were from each other. The article concluded:

In the 2006 survey, Newark was ranked as the 22nd most dangerous city in the United States overall, out of 371 cities included nationwide in the 13th annual Morgan Quitno survey. 13th Annual Safest (and Most Dangerous) Cities: Top and Bottom 25 Cities Overall, accessed October 30, 2006

Newark did have several achievements in the two and a half decades after the riots. In 1968, the New Community Corporation was founded and was one of the most successful community development corporations in the nation. In 1987, the NCC would own and manage 2,265 low-income housing units.

Newark's downtown also saw growth in the post-riot decades. Less than two weeks after the riots, Prudential announced plans to underwrite a $24 million office complex near Pennsylvania Station (Newark), dubbed "Gateway." Today, Gateway houses thousands of white-collar workers, though few live in Newark. The buildings themselves were not designed with consideration for pedestrians. In the mid-1980s, plans were developed to build the 121-story Grant USA Tower, with 100 stories of offices topped by a 21-story hotel and atrium, which would have been the world's tallest structure, but the developer went bankrupt before it could be built. Grant USA Tower, accessed, October 30, 2006

Before the riots, there had been an issue over whether the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey would be built in the suburbs or Newark. The riots and Newark's undeniable desperation made definite that the medical school would be in Newark. However, instead of being built on 167 acres (676,000 m²), the medical school would be built on just 60, part of which was already city owned. Students at the medical school soon started the "Student Family Health Clinic" to provide free health care for the underserved population, along with other community service projects.

In politics, Kenneth A. Gibson was elected as one of the first African-American mayors in the nation in 1970. The 1970s were a time of battles between Gibson and the shrinking white population.

Gibson admitted that "Newark may be the most decayed and financially crippled city in the nation." The higher taxes may have been necessary to pay for services like schools and sanitation, but they did nothing for Newark's economic base; the CEO of Ballantine's Brewery even asserted that Newark's $1 million annual tax bill was the cause of the company's bankruptcy., p.339.

Newark's Renaissance Downtown The New Jersey Performing Arts Center, which opened in the downtown area in 1997 at a cost of $180 million, is seen by many as the first step in the city's road to revival. It has brought some 1.6 million people to Newark who otherwise might never have visited. NJPAC is known for its acoustics and has seen, on its stages, a diverse group of artists including Itzhak Perlman, Sarah Brightman, Sting, 'N Sync, Lauryn Hill, the Vienna Boys' Choir, Yo Yo Ma, the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam, and the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. History of the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, accessed, March 23, 2007

Since then, the city has built a baseball stadium called (the Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium) for the Newark Bears, the city's minor league team. Newark has also constructed a rail connection to its airport (AirTrain Newark), and numerous commercial developments in the downtown area. The city is currently constructing the Prudential Center for the New Jersey Devils, which is expected to be completed by October 2007. The Passaic Waterfront downtown is being refurbished to provide citizens with access to the river. The Newark Public Library is also in the planning stage of a major renovation and expansion.

Much of the city's revitalization efforts have been focused in the downtown area, however adjoining neighborhoods have, in recent years, begun to see some signs of development, particularly in the Central Ward. Nevertheless, the "Renaissance" has been unevenly felt across the city and some districts continue to have below-average household incomes and higher-than-average rates of poverty.

Since 2000, Newark has actually gained population, its first increase since the 1940s. Crime in the mid 2000s have fallen by 58% from its historic highs in the mid 90s, though murders remain high for a city of its size.

A few of Newark's nicknames are related to the attempts to revitalize its downtown. In the 1950s a term New Newark was given to the city after the former-mayor Leo Carlin made efforts to convince major corporations in the city to remain in Newark. In the 1960s Newark was nicknamed Gateway City after the redeveloped Gateway Center area downtown, which shares its name with the tourism region of which Newark is a part. It has more recently been deemed Renaissance City by the media and the public in an attempt to gain recognition for its revitalization efforts. Revitalization Efforts, accessed, March 23, 2007

Lincoln Park/The Coast The The Coast, Newark, New Jersey neighborhood is the second district of Newark that is seeing large-scale development efforts. The area once referred to as The Coast and referred to as Lincoln Park today, was deemed the Lincoln Park/Coast Cultural District by the city and future additions include the development of a Museum of African American Music, an Arts Park, new housing, stores, a restaurant, a nightclub, a music studio and a dance studio. Black Music Museum Planned for Newark, NJ, accessed, March 23, 2007 This area is already home to the Theater Cafe and the City Without Walls gallery and Symphony Hall, as well as other important cultural sites. Symphony Hall is likely to see renovations in the near future. After much of the development in the Downtown/Arts district and the ongoing need for a link between Newark Penn Station and Newark Broad Street Station, the first link of the light rail was built. With the development anchored around the museum in the Coast and the need for a second link to Newark Airport, this neighborhood has already become a candidate area for a future light rail system with a stop for Lincoln Park/Symphony Hall.

Geography and climate Geography

Located at 40° 44' 14" north and 74° 10' 55" west, Newark is 24.14 square miles (63 km²) in area. It has the second smallest land area among 100 most populous cities in the U.S, after neighboring Jersey City. The city's altitude ranges from 0 to 273.4 foot (unit of length) (83 metre) above sea level, with the average being 55 feet (17 m). The Official Website of the City of Newark, NJ, accessed January 14, 2006 Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, with a few valleys formed by meandering streams. Historically, Newark's high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the wealthy congregated on the ridges of Forest Hill, High Street, and Weequahic.

Until the 20th century, the marshes on Newark Bay were difficult to develop. The marshes were essentially wilderness, with a few dumps, warehouses, and cemeteries on their edges. In the 19th century, Newarkers mourned that a fifth of their city could not be used for development. However, in the 20th century, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was able to reclaim much of the marshland for the further expansion of Newark Airport, as well as the growth of the port lands.

Newark is surrounded by residential suburbs to the west (on the slope of the Watchung Mountains), the Passaic River and Newark Bay to the east, dense urban areas to the south and southwest, and middle-class residential suburbs and industrial areas to the north.

Neighborhoods

Newark is New Jersey's largest and second-most diverse city, after neighboring Jersey City. Its neighborhoods are populated with people from various backgrounds, such as African Americans, Puerto Ricans, Dominican Republics, Italian peoples, Spaniards, Jamaicans, Haitians, West Africans, Brazilians, Ecuadorians, and a sizable Portugal population.

The city is divided into five political Ward (subnational entity)s, which are often used by residents to identify their place of habitation. In recent years, residents have begun to identify with specific neighborhood names instead of the larger ward appellations. Nevertheless, the wards remain relatively distinct. Industrial uses, coupled with the airport and seaport lands, are concentrated in the East and South Wards, while residential neighborhoods exist primarily in the North, Central, and West Wards.

The geography of the city is such that only the predominantly poor Central Ward shares an unbroken border with the downtown area (the North Ward is separated from the downtown by Interstate 280 (New Jersey) and the East Ward is separated by railroad tracks; the South and West Wards do not share a border with the downtown area).

Newark's North Ward is the ridge to the east of Branch Brook Park. The still-affluent Forest Hill, Newark, New Jersey is in the North Ward, as are heavily Latino areas east of Mount Prospect Avenue. The Central Ward contains much of the city's original history including the Lincoln Park, Military Park and the James Street Commons Historic Districts. The Ward also contains the University Heights Neighborhood. In the 19th century it was inhabited by Germans. The German inhabitants were later replaced by Jews, who were then replaced by blacks. Newark built many public housing projects on City block in the Central Ward in the 20th century ; hence, many of the streets in this ward are no longer arranged in a grid. The West Ward comprises the neighborhoods of Roseville, Newark, New Jersey and Vailsburg, Newark, New Jersey. Vailsburg is largely black, while Roseville is mainly Latino and Italian American. The South Ward comprises poor areas and the low-income Weequahic, Newark, New Jersey district. It was the last part of Newark to be developed. At the southern end of the ward is Weequahic Park. Finally, the East Ward consists of Newark's downtown commercial district, as well as the heavily Portuguese people Ironbound neighborhood, where much of Newark's industry was located in the 19th century; the area was then poorer than the rest of the city. Today, due to the enterprise of its immigrant population, the Ironbound is the most commercially successful part of Newark.

Climate Newark has a humid continental climate, although its proximity to the ocean has a moderating effect. Also, being near to the Altantic means Newark tends to be warmer than cities at a similar latitude or even somewhat further south, such as Chicago, Columbus, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis (although St. Louis is usually hotter in summer). Temperatures below 0 °F (-18°C) are rare, but temperatures between 10 °F (-12°C) and 20 °F (-7°C) are not uncommon during winter nights. The average high temperature during the winter ranges from 38 degrees to 42 degrees. Accumulated snow on the ground does not usually remain for very long. Springs in Newark are quite mild, with average high temperatures ranging from the 40s°F (4°C) in March to the 70s/80s °F (21/27°C) by early June. Summers are particularly hot and humid, with day temperatures usually in the 80s °F (27°C) and exceeding 90 °F (32°C) on many days. Heat advisories are not uncommon during the summer months, particularly July and August, the hottest months of the year when temperatures can reach 100°F (38°C) with high humidity. The city cools off during autumn, with high temperatures ranging between the 50s °F (10°C) and 70s °F (21°C). Depending on the time of year and localized winds, Newark is a few degrees warmer than midtown Manhattan during the day, because it is more inland. Though this also means it is usually a few degrees cooler at night but not always, more often in the wintertime

The city receives precipitation ranging from 3" to 4.5" monthly. Measurable snowfall occurs each winter, but in lesser amounts than cities in the midwest at a similar latitude.

{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000" height="17" | Month! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jan! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Feb! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Mar! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Apr! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | May! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jun! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Jul! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Aug! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Sep! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Oct! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Nov! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" | Dec|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec High °F| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 74| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 76| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 89| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 97| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 99| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 102| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 105| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 105| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 105| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 92| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 85| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 76|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm High °F| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 38.1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 41.1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 50.1| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 60.8| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 71.4| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 80.2| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 85.2| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 83.2| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 75.7| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 64.7| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 53.7| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 43|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Norm Low °F| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 24.4| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 26.6| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 34.2| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 43.7| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 54.1| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 63.5| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 69.1| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 67.7| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 59.9| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 48.2| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 39.1| style="text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;" | 29.8|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Rec Low °F| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -8| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -7| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 6| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 16| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 33| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 43| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 52| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 45| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 35| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 28| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | 15| style="text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;" | -1|-! style="background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;" height="16;" | Precip (in)| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.98| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 2.96| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.21| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.92| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.46| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.4| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.68| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.02| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 4.01| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.16| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.88| style="text-align:center; background: #E8EAFA; color:#000000;" | 3.57|-| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|Source: USTravelWeather.com |}

Demographics {{USCensusPop| title= Newark, New Jersey| 1790= 1000| 1800= 6000| 1830= 10953| 1840= 17290| 1850= 38894| 1860= 71941| 1870= 105059| 1880= 136508| 1890= 181830| 1900= 246070| 1910= 347469| 1920= 414524| 1930= 442337| 1940= 429760| 1950= 438776| 1960= 405220| 1970= 381930| 1980= 329248| 1990= 275221| 2000= 273546| estimate=281402| estyear=2006| estref= data for Newark city, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 1, 2007.], 2007.-->

As of the census of 2000, there are 273,546 people, recent census projections show that the population has increased to around 280,000. The population density was 11,400/mile² (4,400/km²), or 21,000/mile² (8,100 km²) once airport, railroad, and seaport lands are excluded, the second-highest in the nation of any city with over 250,000 residents (after New York City).

The racial makeup of the city was 26.52% White (U.S. Census), 53.46% African American (U.S. Census), 0.37% Native American (U.S. Census), 1.19% Asian (U.S. Census), 0.05% Pacific Islander (U.S. Census), 14.05% from Race (U.S. Census), and 4.36% from two or more races. 29.47% of the population were Hispanic (U.S. Census) or Latino (U.S. Census) of any race. There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community, made up by Brazilian and Portuguese ethnicities, concentrated mainly at the Ironbound district.

There were 91,382 households out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.0% were Marriage living together, 29.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.43.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.9% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females of age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

Poverty and lack of investment Poverty remains a consistent problem in Newark, despite its revitalization in recent years. The 1967 riots resulted in a significant population loss — attributed to white flight — which continued from the 1970s through to the 1990s. The city lost over 100,000 residents between 1960 and 1990.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,913, and the median income for a family was $30,781. Males had a median income of $29,748 versus $25,734 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,009. 28.4% of the population and 25.5% of families were below the poverty line. 36.6% of those under the age of 18 and 24.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. In 2003, the city's unemployment rate was 12%.

Government Local government Effective as of July 1, 1954, the voters of the city of Newark, by a referendum held on November 3, 1953 and acting pursuant to the Optional Municipal Charter Law (commonly known as the Faulkner Act (New Jersey)), adopted the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) Plan C as the form of local government.

Pursuant to this Plan, nine council members are elected on a nonpartisan basis at the regular municipal election or at the general election for terms of four years: one council member from each of five wards and four council members on an at-large basis. The mayor is also elected for a term of four years.

The Municipal Council exercises the legislative power of city government. It enacts by ordinance, resolution or motion the local laws which govern the people of the city, and is responsible for approval of the municipal budget, establishment of financial controls, and setting of salaries of elected officials and top appointed administrators. It may reduce or increase appropriations requested by the Mayor. By these methods the Council decides "what" the city will do about any particular matter, and then the Mayor and cabinet members decide "how" to do it. It also renders advice and consent on the Mayor's appointments and policy programs, and may investigate, when necessary, any branch of municipal government. The Council also authorizes a continuing audit by an outside firm, of all city financial transactions.

As established by ordinance, regular public meetings of the Municipal Council are held on the first Wednesday of each month at 1:00 p.m., and the third Wednesday of each month at 7:00 p.m. in the Municipal Council Chamber in City Hall. Exceptions are made for national or religious holidays. During July and August only one meeting is held each month. A special meeting of the Municipal Council may be called by the President or a majority of its members or by the Mayor whenever an emergency requires immediate action.

As of 2007, Newark's Municipal Council include the following members:

Mildred C. Crump (Council President/Council Member-at-Large)Augusto Amador (Council Member, East Ward)Carlos M. Gonzalez (Council Member-at-Large)Oscar S. James, II (Council Member, South Ward)Donald M. Payne, Jr. (Council Member-at-Large)Luis A. Quintana (Council Vice President/Council Member-at-Large)Anibal Ramos, Jr. (Council Member, North Ward)Ronald C. Rice (Council Member, West Ward)Dana Rone (Council Member, Central Ward)

On March 27, 2006, long-time mayor Sharpe James announced that he would not seek a sixth term, preferring to focus on his seat in the New Jersey Senate. Sharpe Drops Out: James cites only his position against holding dual offices NJ.com / Star-Ledger, March 28, 2006.

On Election Day, May 9, 2006, Newark's nonpartisan election took place. Cory Booker, who had lost to James in the 2002 mayoral race, won with 72% of the vote, soundly defeating Ronald Rice, the former Deputy Mayor. Ronald Rice, receiving 23% of the ballots cast, was his closest challenger. Newark Elects Cory Booker First New Mayor in Two Decades in Landslide Victory, ABC News, May 9, 2006

Federal, state and county representation Newark is in both the Tenth and Thirteenth Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 27th, 28th and 29th Legislative Districts. League of Women Voters: 2006 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 61, accessed August 30, 2006

Adrianne Davis, Clerk of the Board

Political turmoil Newark has been marred with episodes of political corruption throughout the years. Five of the last seven Mayors of Newark have been Indictment on criminal charges, including its three most-recent Mayors: Hugh Joseph Addonizio, Kenneth A. Gibson, and Sharpe James.

Addonizio was mayor of Newark from 1962 to 1970. A son of Italian American immigrants, he ran on a reform platform, defeating the incumbent, Leo Carlin, who he, ironically, characterized as corrupt and a part of the political machine of the era. During the 1967 riots, it was found that Addonizio and other city officials were taking kickbacks from city contractors. He was convicted of extortion and conspiracy in 1970, and was sentenced to ten years in federal prison.

His successor was Kenneth Gibson, the city's first African American mayor, elected in 1970. He pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion in 2002 as part of a plea agreement on fraud and bribery charges. During his tenure as Mayor in 1980, he was tried and acquitted of giving out no-show jobs by an Essex County jury.http://www.politicsnj.com/newark-tradition-10260

Sharpe James, who defeated Gibson in 1986 and declined to run for a sixth term in 2006, was indicted on 33 counts of Conspiracy (crime), mail fraud, and wire fraud by a federal grand jury sitting in Newark. The grand jury charged that James illegally used city-owned credit cards for personal gain, illegally spending $58,000, and that James orchastrated a scheme to sell city-owned land at below-market prices to his companion, who immediately re-sold the land to developers and gained profit of over $500,000. James had an initial appearance on 12 July 2007 and has not yet entered a plea to the charges against him.

Crime In 2006, Newark had 106 homicides, the highest since 1995 and a spike from the 83 in 2004, but a substantial decrease since the record of 161 murders set in 1981.Lueck, Thomas J. "As Newark Mayor Readies Crime Fight, Toll Rises", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed October 6, 2007. "For all of 2006, the police said, Newark had 104 homicides, far below its record of 161 in 1981, but more than in any other year since 1995."Murr, Andrew; and Noonoo, Jemimah. "A Return To The Bad Old Days?", Newsweek, August 17, 2007. "Murders rose 27 percent in Newark (population 280,000) in the past two years, as killings rose from 83 in 2004 to 104 last year. So far, the pace this year is slower—61 deaths since January." This link contains a reference to a June 11, 2007 article in Newsday stating that "Meanwhile, homicides in Newark have jumped from 65 in 2002 to 113 last year, with nonfatal shootings also on the rise." Newark had more than five times the number of homicides per capita as New York City. Newark and New York Comparative Crime Ratios per 100,000 People, areaConnect. Accessed October 7, 2007. In 1996 it was ranked "The Most Dangerous City in the Nation." The city is on pace to match or break its homicide record again in 2007.

The city's mayor, Cory Booker, is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

In Newark, as in other cities, the rise in homicides and other violent crimes occurs mostly in low-income, minority neighborhoods, where guns are plentiful and the narcotics trade is flourishing. In many cases, both perpetrators and victims have criminal pasts that involve drugs. Police note that guns are used in 90% of Newark’s homicides; a fundamental challenge is reducing their abundance.

Sister cities Newark has six town twinning, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI):

 

Newark New Jersey



 
Copyright © 2008 Hintcenter.com - All rights reserved.
Home | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy
All Trademarks belong to their repective owners. Many aspects of this page are used under
commercial commons license from Yahoo!